Currency

Introduction

Map showing the world's major currency unions.

So, you want to do a little travelling in Ill Bethisad? Apart from your luggage and your train or airship tickets, you'll have to pack some money. And no, they don't take American Express. There are several fairly large currency blocs in Ill Bethisad.

The first thing you'll notice is that unlike *here*, money doesn't come in the familliar decimal system. The systems you see below reflect the traditional systems before the world suffered from decimalisation.

The three best known and largest currency blocs are the European Federation's livre, the Commonwealth of Nations's pound / llîr and the Scandinavian Realm's daler. The first two are based on the traditional Pound-Shilling-Pence systems found throughout Western Europe in centuries past. The basic unit is the pound, which is divided into 20 equal parts called shillings each of which is divided into 12 equal parts called pennies. Thus there are 240 pence to the pound. The Scandinavian system is based on the daler with its local subdivisions into skillings.

The Commonwealth of Nations and the European Federation in Ill Bethisad uses the same nomenclature, but the EF's livre is worth about a third of a sterling pound. Unlike the euro used in Europe *here*, the European Federation's livre is named according to the local languages of the countries that participate in the common currency. Also, each country is responsible for its own coin designs and there is no "European side" as in euro coins. While the pound is the supreme money of account in the Commonwealth (the FK, the NAL, Australasia, South Africa, India and their territories), the most usual denominations met with in daily life are the shilling and the penny.

Note that weights given are in SI grana of pure silver. The actual weights of coins will usually be higher due to alloying. A granum is equal to about 56.8mg. See the Weights and Measures page for more information!

Two shillings and sixpence

Monetary standards are defined by the traite, which is the number of the main denomination that can be cut from a mark or pound (1 mark = ²/3 pound) of fine metal (usually silver). Fine metal is defined as containing at least 287³/4 scr of pure. Most countries define their coins by the taille, which is the number that can be cut from a mark or pound of metal at a certain grade of purity.

Links

Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations | NAL Currency | European Federation Currency | Xlipo | Japanese currency | Bạc | Castilian Currency | SR Currency | Lusoamerican_Union#Currency | L'Argent Louisiannais | Henua's Island Economy

Europe

Federated Kingdoms

1 llîr/livoers/pound/poond = 1840 gr silver (Equal to NAL currency)
Currency currently produced (some only by certain constituents):

Scandinavian Realm

SI Specie Standard

1 Riksdaler SI Specie =

11/3 Riksdaler lybske Courant	= 8 Mark danske	= 128 Skilling danske	(Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Faeroe Islands, Greenland)
3 Riksdaler svenske Courant	= 12 Mark svenske	= 96 Øre	(Sweden, Finland, Samme, Gøteborg)
11/3 Riksdaler lybske Courant	= 4 Mark lybske	= 64 Skilling lybske	(Schleswig-Holstein, Lybæk, Rygen)
21/2 Riksdaler europæiske Courant	= 15 Nygros	= 180 Penning europæiske	(Oldenburg)
11/3 Riksdaler lybske Courant	= 51/3 Skilling americanske	= 48 Penning americanske	(New Sweden, New Iceland)
11/2 Riksdaler guineaiske Courant	= 12 Bit	= 72 Styver	(Gadangmeland, Gebaland, The Pepper Coast, Cruzan Islands)
2 Riksdaler østindiske Courant	= 24 Fano	= 1920 Kas østindiske	(Tranquebar)
2 Riksdaler østindiske Courant	= 24 Royalin	= 1920 Kas østindiske	(Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands)
11/4 Riksdaler fjærrenindiske Courant	= 40 Annas	= 160 Paisa	(Frederiksnagore)
11/4 Riksdaler fjærrenindiske Courant	= 15 Fang	= 120 Att	(Monland, Tenasserim)
12/3 Riksdaler kinisiske Courant	= 31/3 Yen	= 2400 Kas kinisiske	(Tsingdav)

Standard traite: 8 pieces to the mark of fine silver (480 gr SI, or exactly 1 uc SI)

Tailles of minted coins:

• Silver circulating bullion coin:
  • 1 Riksdaler SI Specie: 7 pieces to the mark of 21 suc silver

Banknotes:

• 6 Riksdaler SI Specie
• 12 Riksdaler SI Specie
• 60 Riksdaler SI Specie
• 120 Riksdaler SI Specie
• 600 Riksdaler SI Specie
• 1200 Riksdaler SI Specie

Dukat SI Standard

1 Dukat SI = (no subdivisions)

Standard traite: 64 pieces to the mark of fine gold (60 gr SI, or exactly 1 dr SI)

Official agio to SI Specie Standard: Value is not fixed to silver (i.e., parallel standard between silver and gold)

Tailles of minted coins:

• Gold bullion coin:
  • 1 Dukat SI: 56 pieces to the mark of 21 suc gold

Lybækish Courant Standard

1 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybske Courant =

3 Mark lübische	= 48 Schilling lübische	(Holstein, Lybæk)
3 Mark lybske	= 48 Skilling lybske	(Schleswig, Rygen)
6 Mark danske	= 96 Skilling danske	(Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Faeroe Islands, Greenland)
4 Skilling Americanske	= 36 Penning americanske	(New Sweden, New Iceland)

Standard traite: 10²/3 pieces to the mark of fine silver (360 gr silver)

Official agio to SI Specie Standard: +¹/3 (or 33.3333%)

Tailles of minted coins:

• Commemorative:
  • 1 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybske Courant: 9¹/3 pieces to the mark of 21 suc silver
• Regular issue:
  • 1 Mark lübische / 2 Mark danske: 16 pieces to the mark of 12 suc silver
  • 8 Schilling lübische / 1 Mark danske: 32 pieces to the mark of 12 suc silver
  • 2 Schilling lübische / 4 Skilling danske: 64 pieces to the mark of 6 suc silver
  • 1 Schilling lübische / 2 Skilling danske: 15 pieces to the mark of copper
  • ¹/2 Schilling lübische / 1 Skilling danske: 30 pieces to the mark of copper
  • ¹/4 Schilling lübische / ¹/2 Skilling danske: 60 pieces to the mark of copper

Banknotes:

• 8 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybiske Courant (or 6 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 16 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybiske Courant (or 12 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 80 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybiske Courant (or 60 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 160 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybiske Courant (or 120 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 800 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybiske Courant (or 600 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 1600 Reichsthaler lübische Courant / Riksdaler lybiske Courant (or 1200 Riksdaler SI Specie)

Swedish Courant Standard

1 Riksdaler svensk Courant =

4 Mark svenske

= 32 Øre

(Sweden, Finland, Samme, Gøteborg)

Standard traite: 24 pieces to the mark of fine silver (or 160 gr SI silver)

Official agio to SI Specie Standard: +2 (or 200.0000%)

Tailles of minted coins:

• Commemorative:
  • 2 Riksdaler svenske Courant: 10¹/2 pieces to the mark of 21 suc silver
• Regular issue:
  • 1 Riksdaler svenske Courant: 16 pieces to the mark of 16 suc silver
  • 1 Mark svenske: 32 pieces to the mark of 8 suc silver
  • 2 Øre: 64 pieces to the mark of 4 suc silver
  • 1 Øre: 22¹/2 pieces to the mark of copper
  • ¹/2 Øre: 45 pieces to the mark of copper
  • ¹/4 Øre: 90 pieces to the mark of copper

Banknotes:

• 18 Riksdaler svenske Courant (or 6 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 36 Riksdaler svenske Courant (or 12 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 180 Riksdaler svenske Courant (or 60 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 360 Riksdaler svenske Courant (or 120 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 1800 Riksdaler svenske Courant (or 600 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 3600 Riksdaler svenske Courant (or 1200 Riksdaler SI Specie)

European Courant Standard

1 Riksdaler europæiske Courant (Rþlr e Ct)

= 6 Neuegroschen	= 72 Pfennige europäische	(Oldenburg)
6 Nygros	= 72 Penning europæiske	(Riksmål)

Standard traite: 20 pieces to the mark of fine silver (or 192 gr SI silver)

Agio to SI Specie Standard: +1¹/2 (or 150%)

Tailles of minted coins:

• Commemorative:
  • 1 Reichsthaler europäische Courant / Riksdaler europæiske Courant: 11²/3 pieces to the mark of 21 suc silver
• Regular issue:
  • 2 Neuegroschen / Nygros: (See EF Currency)
  • 1 Neuegroschen / Nygros: (See EF Currency)
  • 3 Pfennige europäische / Penning europæiske: (See EF Currency)
  • 1 Pfennige europäische / Penning europæiske: (See EF Currency)
  • ¹/2 Pfennige europäische / Penning europæiske: (See EF Currency)
  • ¹/4 Pfennige europäische / Penning europæiske: (See EF Currency)

Banknotes:

• 15 Reichsthaler europäische Courant / Riksdaler europæiske Courant (or 6 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 30 Reichsthaler europäische Courant / Riksdaler europæiske Courant (or 12 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 150 Reichsthaler europäische Courant / Riksdaler europæiske Courant (or 60 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 300 Reichsthaler europäische Courant / Riksdaler europæiske Courant (or 120 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 1500 Reichsthaler europäische Courant / Riksdaler europæiske Courant (or 600 Riksdaler SI Specie)
• 3000 Reichsthaler europäische Courant / Riksdaler europæiske Courant (or 1200 Riksdaler SI Specie)

European Federation Currency

Standard traite: 6 livres, etc. to the mark of pure silver (or 1 livre, etc. = 640 gr silver)
Tailles of currently minted coins:

• Main coins (to standard):
  • 1 livre, etc.: minted in gold, taille depends on the current gold price in silver
  • ½ livre, etc. = 10 sous, etc.: 10½ pieces to the mark of 21 suc silver
  • ¼ livre, etc. = 5 sous, etc.: 21 pieces to the mark of 21 suc silver
• Minor coins (not to standard -- not obligatory for large payments):
  • 1 sous, etc.: 66 pieces to the mark of 12 suc silver
  • 3 deniers, etc.: 134 pieces to the mark of 6 suc silver
  • 1 denier, etc.: 40 pieces to the mark of standard bronze (22¾ suc copper, 1 suc tin, ¼ suc zinc)
  • ¼ denier, etc.: 80 pieces to the mark of standard bronze (22¾ suc copper, 1 suc tin, ¼ suc zinc)

Banknotes:

• EF£4½ = 6 Rþlr SI = 15 Rþlr e Ct
• EF£9 = 12 Rþlr SI = 30 Rþlr e Ct
• EF£45 = 60 Rþlr SI = 150 Rþlr e Ct
• EF£90 = 120 Rþlr SI = 300 Rþlr e Ct
• EF£450 = 600 Rþlr SI = 1500 Rþlr e Ct
• EF£900 = 1200 Rþlr SI = 3000 Rþlr e Ct

Albania

1 lek = 9 lepta = 81 penia

Austria

1 Krone = 9 Groschen = 180 Kreuzer

Bulgaria

1 leva = 30 lepta = 120 malinka

Federation of the Armorican Islands

Armorica is a member of the European Federation and as of October 2005 officially joined that currency union.

Before 2005, the traditional monetary system was as follows:
1 selyth = 25 denaer = 100 sesterth = 200 duboyn = 1600 cadranneth
1 denaer = 127 gr silver?

Croatia

1 kuna = 30 lipa = 120 halara

Dalmatia

1 xenar = 9 lepte = 180 penex

Free City of Danzig

1 gulden = 30 groschen = 90 schilinge = 540 penninge

Ireland

1 líre = 20 soilt = 240 denear
Currency currently produced

1 líre = 1750 gr silver

Greece

1 mina = 80 drachmae = 480 oboloi
(Secondary - 1 talent = 60 mina)
Currency currently produced

6 mina to the mark of pure silver or 5¼ to the mark of 21-semuncia silver (640 gr silver) - equal to EF pound

Hamborg

1 Reichsthaler lübische Courant = 3 mark lübische = 48 schilling lübische

Standard traite: (See Lybæk Courant)
Official agio to SI Specie Standard: (See Lybæk Courant)
Tailles of minted coins: (See Lybæk Courant)
Banknotes: (See Lybæk Courant)

Latvia

1 taalers = 18 perdiigi = 162 shiliigi = 486 peniigi

Mecklenburg

1 Reichsthaler lübische Courant = 3 mark lübische = 48 schilling lübische

Standard traite: (See Lybæk Courant)
Official agio to SI Specie Standard: (See Lybæk Courant)
Tailles of minted coins: (See Lybæk Courant)
Banknotes: (See Lybæk Courant)

Nassland

1 sarstika (S) = 3 xvostiki (X) = 60 prugikov (P) = 240 dilekov (D)

Kingdom of Portugal

1 peça = 4 escudos = 6400 reis

Republic of the Two Crowns

21-1/3 talars to the mark of fine silver (180 gr silver)

Romanian Federation

Russia

new ruble (no subdivisions)

Sanjak

1 rijal = 30 pijastra = 120 para

Serbia

1 Serbian dinar = 120 para (matching with Sanjaki para)

Xliponia

1 xlipo [XL] = 120 sulti [s]

1 XL = 1,564 gr silver

Asia

South Asian Nations

1 rupee = 16 anna = 64 dinar = 4096 Paisa = 262144 Pai

Value of Rupee variable;

• 20 rupees to the mark of fine silver (192 gr silver) - Bengal, Bharatij Samrazj, Cattagram, Thiruvithankur
• 21.5 rupees to the mark of fine silver (178.6 gr silver) - Sind, Razputhana, Bhavalpur
• 22 rupees to the mark of fine silver (175.54 gr silver) - Ajodhja, Nepal, Bhutan
• 24 rupees to the mark of fine silver (160 gr silver) - Karnataka, Maisur
• 30 rupees to the mark of fine silver (128 gr silver) - Haiderabad, Kalinga

China

1 yuan = 720 cash
26²/3 to the mark of fine silver (144 gr silver)

Hong Kong

1 pound = 5 dollars = 3600 cash
Commonwealth standard.

Filipinas

1 peso = 8 reales = 24 sueldos = 96 cuartas
9¾ pesos to the mark of fine silver (393.9 gr)
The peso is also called a ringgit.

Japanese Empire

(See Japanese currency for more info)

1 lò/yañ/rò = 368 gr silver (exactly 4/- FK)

Nam Viet

1 bạc = 720 đồng
Historically, 1 bạc = 440 gr
Currently, 16 to the pound of 20-suc silver (300 gr)

Mÿqan̊ Ðaij

1 páð (บาท ) = 8 b'ÿ²qan̊ (เฟื้อง) = 64 âth (อัฐ)
a páð is also called a tical by westerners
14½ ticals to the mark of fine silver (264.8 gr silver)

Tibet

3 srang = 20 tam

Turkestan

1 som = 200 qapçıq
1 som = 600 gr fine silver

Middle East

Egypt

1 pound = 96 piastres = 3840 para
(Proposal)

Iraaq

1 dinar = 20 dirham = 960 fils
(Proposal)

Judea

NJS (New Judean Sela`)
1 sela` = 4 dinar = 96 issar
12 sela` to the mark of fine silver (320 gr silver)

Persia

1 toman = 8 rials = 200 shahi (proposal)
1 toman = 10 krans = 200 shahis = 10000 dinars (proposal)

[Historically *here*: 1250 dinars = 1 riyal; 8 riyals = 1 toman.][PB]

Saudi Arabia

1 riyal = 24 qirsh (Proposal)
1 dinar = 5 riyals = 120 qirsh (Proposal)

Turkey

1 piastre = 40 para

North America

Alta California

1 peso = 8 reales = 96 dobles

Alyaska

1 rouble = 120 kopecks
1 rouble = 460 gr silver

Central American Community

The Central American Community is part of the Kingdom of Castile and Leon and shares the Castilian Currency, part of the European Federation Currency.
1 escudo = 4 pesos = 20 pesetas = 240 denarios

Florida-Caribbea

1 peso = 16 soles (OBSOLETE)
NB: The old Floridian sol is still legal tender at one-third of a penny.
Coins: 1s (bronze) 2s (nickel) 4s (nickel), 8s, 12s
Banknotes: 1$ ...

Hayti

1 escalin = 15 sous

Louisianne

(See L'Argent Louisiannais)
1 Louisian = 20 petits louis = 80 piastres (old system)
1 Louisian = c. ¹/₃ farthing (at time of replacement)
1 Écu = 10 decimes = 100 centimes (new system)
Coins: ½c, 1c, 5c; 1d, 2d, 5d; 1 Écu
Banknotes: 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 Écu
1 Écu = 766²/₃ gr silver (note, 1 Écu = NAL 8/4 exactly)

Republic of Mejico

1 nuevo peso = 8 nuevos reales [30 gr pure silver]

Meidji-dò

1 Yen = 20 peseta = 240 sucúo
1 Yen = 460 gr silver
(See Japanese currency for more info)

Montrei

1 aulón = 20 pesetas = 240 scúo
1 aulón = 460 gr silver

North American League

See NAL Currency for a more in depth look at American money.

(Equal to FK llîr/livoers/pound/poond)
Coins (most common): ¼d (farthing), ½d (half-penny), 1d, 2d, 3d, 6d; 1s, 2/6, 5s, 10s
*1 penique = 3 soles, penique is used on coins, but not in financial figures
Commonwealth standard.

Intendancy of New France

1 piasse = 20 sols = 240 deniés
Coins produced:

Peoples Ecotopic Republic of Oregon

1 dollar = 720 cash
Coins currently produced:

1 dollar = 460 gr silver

Tejas

Republic of Tejas

1 escudo = 16 reales = 256 maravedis [historically 213.3 gr pure silver] (1970s to 2003)

Kingdom of Tejas

1 peso = 8 reales = 96 dobles (since 2003); 1 old peso = 1 new doble
1 nuevo peso = 30 gr silver
NB: old republican silver coins are still legal tender; newer silver-washed copper coins are exchangeable at the central bank (highly discounted). The kingdom's new coins and currency are marked "Nuevos Pesos" as an aid to , and expressed symbolically $N. Beginning with the series of 2006, the designation "nuevo" will be dropped. 1 peso = 92 gr silver (1 Commonwealth shilling)

South America

Bahia

1 peça (P) = 4 escudos (Es) = 6,400 réis (Rs)

The peça, even though it is the legally defined currency unit, functions more as a unit of account. The highest denomination minted is the escudo.

1 Rs = 0.75 gr silver

Beginning in 2005, the common currency in the Lusoamerican Union (minus Uruguay) is the conto (¢) = 20 tostões (Ŧ) = 240 denários (ð) = 2,400 réis (r [singular real])

Brasil

1 cruzeiro (C$) = 4 brasões (B$) = 6,400 réis (R$)

The cruzeiro, even though it is the legally defined currency unit, functions more as a unit of account. The highest denomination minted is the brasão.

1 R$ = 0.75 gr silver

Beginning in 2005, the common currency in the Lusoamerican Union (minus Uruguay) is the conto (¢) = 20 tostões (Ŧ) = 240 denários (ð) = 2,400 réis (r [singular real])

Chile

1 peso = 5 soles = 60 rubios
20 pesos to the mark of pure silver (192 gr silver)

Equador

1 escudo (Eq) = 20 soldos (s) = 240 réis (r)

1 r = 0.75 gr silver

Beginning in 2005, the common currency in the Lusoamerican Union (minus Uruguay) is the conto (¢) = 20 tostões (Ŧ) = 240 denários (ð) = 2,400 réis (r [singular real])

New Kingdom of Granada

As part of the Kingdom of Castile and Leon, New Granada share the Castilian Currency, part of the European Federation Currency.
1 escudo = 4 pesos = 20 pesetas = 240 denarios

Paraná

Basic currency: 1 mil-réis (r$1,000 written 1$000) = 1,000 réis (r$) [singular = real]
1 vintém = r$20
1 tostão = r$60
1 pataca = r$240
1 dobrão = 20$000
For large denominations: 1 conto de réis = r$1,000,000 written 1:000$000

The dobrão and conto de réis function more as units of account. The highest denomination minted is the mil-réis.

1 r$ = 0.75 gr silver

Beginning in 2005, the common currency in the Lusoamerican Union (minus Uruguay) is the conto (¢) = 20 tostões (Ŧ) = 240 denários (ð) = 2,400 réis (r [singular real])

Peru

1 peso peruano = 8 reales peruanos
20 pesos to the mark of pure silver (192 gr silver)

Africa

Chinese East Africa

1 tael = 720 cash (OBSOLETE)
Since the recent Hunan War, CEA currency was demonetised. A new yuan equivalent to the Cantonese yuan is expected to be issued in late 2005.

Solomonic Empire of Ethiopia

1 birr (pound) = 20 gersh = 40 besa
The birr is 41.12gr of fine silver.

Kingdom of Madagascar

1 tayel = 20 ariary = 240 peni
Equal to FK pound

Union of South Africa

1 pound = 20 shillings = 240 pence
1 pond = 20 schillings = 240 pennies
Commonwealth standard.

Dominion of Southwest Africa

1 pound = 20 shillings = 240 pence
1 pond = 20 schillings = 240 pennies
Commonwealth standard.

The Pacific

Australasia

Commonwealth standard (1840 gr silver)

Te Pito O Te Henua

1 pa'una = 12 peto = 120 vunu
1 mo'ai = 800 pa'una
fixed rate 4 pa'una = 7 Japanese lò

High Kingdom of Kanawiki

1 lioo = 4 pu = 16 kiu = 40 mome = 400 hunu
5 pu = 1 kalaa
5 lioo = 1 pauna
(prices given lo/ku/hunu)
(Equal to Japanese lò, 368 gr silver)

Confederate Republic of Nauru

monni (no subdivisions)
currently M/320 to the FK pound; equal to old Japanese monme
symbol: M striked through.

Kingdom of Toga

1 pa'aga = 20 siligi = 240 kopa
1 koula = 16 pa'aga
1 hau = 4 koula
(Equal to FK pound, 1840 gr silver)
Currency currently produced:

Other Currency Unions

Commonwealth of Nations

See Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations for specifics.

Monetary equivalencies

Relative to FK pound, based on the metal content stated

Some Notes on World Currencies

Scandinavian Realm

The Scandinavian Realm shares a common daler valued currency, but each territory divides that unit differently. The Realm also shares the curious tradition of two circulating types of currency, the daler specie and the daler kurant.

Republic of Louisiana

The Republic of Louisiana is the only country to try out a currency system called "decimalised", by which is meant that there are ten, one hundred or one thousand of lower valued units to one of the high valued unit rather than the standard ratios. Many Louisianais are dissatisfied with the change; though most are pleased that the new currency is at least "respectable amongst world currencies" - a reference to the high silver content in contrast to the base silver louisian of yesteryear.

Kingdom of Tejas

Until the Tejas-California War, the old real denominated coins were actually denominated as fractional pesos. Hence, a 2R coin is called "cuarto de peso". The 1$, 6R, 4R and 2R coins are made of silver; the 12 doble (12d), 6 doble, 4 doble and 1 doble pieces are made of bronze. There are also 2$, 2$4 (2.5 pesos) and 5$ coins of silver. The latter is generally the domain of commemorative issues, as is the golden 10$ piece. Paper money denominated in libras (1£ = 20$) also exists.

Peso denominated coins tend to be written with the currency symbol sandwiched between the numbers. Fourteen pesos and 6 reales would be written as 14$6; five pesos even as 5$--; three reales as 3R.

Various gold coins may be found, though fairly rarely in modern times, except for the gold pound which is seen frequently.

Florida-Caribbea

With the fall of Florida-Caribbea in 2004, and its occupation by various powers of the Grand Coalition, the old peso has been demonetised. At the time of the actual invasion on the part of the Coalition, the peso had fallen to five and a third pence (Commonwealth). In the American Occupation Zone (West and East Florida), a provisional pound, based on that of the Commonwealth, has been instituted. The European zone is composed of SE Florida (occupied by the RTC) and SW Florida (occupied by Ireland). SW Florida has been supplied with provisional "reales", valued at two Irish shillings. SE Florida has been issed with talar and grosz denominated chitties.

For the now, left over bales of old (pre reform) NAL currency have been overprinted with either "WEST FLORIDA" or "EAST FLORIDA" and a batch of shilling, sixpenny and penny "exchange coupons" have also been provided. Currently, you find almost no coins in circulation, apart from the old Floridian soles, which are bronze and have been declared valid circulating money at 1/3d each. The old pesos were paper, the higher valued sol coins were nickel, and all are long since demonetised. The exchange coupons are interesting in that they are GWII vintage and served the function that money orders serve now, in most places anyway.

With rumors of incorporation into the NAL, it seems that West and East Florida at least will adopt the Commonwealth's pound based currency in due course. Some discussion has revolved around the general order issued by the military governor remonetising the old bronze 1 sol coins. [They were made legal money at three to the penny.] While most northern Floridians seem to favour turning their backs on the recent past, many would be satisfied if the sol remained as a legal denomination in their provinces as a nostalgic and historical link with the past.

Castille & Leon

The peso duro coin, usually called "peso" in the Americas and "duro" in Europe, is the the highest denomination of coin in daily circulation, and is valued at 5/-. On the obverse is the effigy of His Majesty, King Alfonso José, and on the reverse are the arms of the Kingdom. The inscription, which is along the edge, reads "REYNO Ð CASTILLA I LEON -- UN PESO DURO --".

There are also coins of un denario (1d), tres denarios (3d), media peseta (6d) and una peseta (1/-). There are also 1 escudo coins but are only rarely found in circulation. The 1 escudo banknotes are ubiquitious, however. Since 1998, Castille and Leon have issued banknotes which are made from a plastic polymer compound, that is far more durable than paper.

The smaller coins (denarios and pesetas) feature a variable design on the obverse and have the valuation on the reverse. The obverse design varies by mint (Casa de la Moneda, or coining house) and denomination. The valuations are in both figures and words: "1 - un denario", "3- tres denarios", "6 - media peseta", "12 - una peseta".

The 1 escudo note, has an elaborate representation of the royal arms in colour and features the legend "Kingdom of Castille and Leon", or "Reyno de Castilla i León", the name of the coining house, and the promise ("will pay to the bearer on demand...", or "pagará al portador UN Escudo Real de Oro". The reverse features a striking map of the territories of the kingdom highlighted.

There are also 3, 10 and 20 escudos banknotes in circulation.

The coining houses of Castille and Leon are "La Real Casa de la Moneda de Castilla i León" in Valladolid, "La Casa de la Moneda del Nôvo Reyno de Granada" in Santa Fe, "La Real Casa de La Moneda de América Central" in Guatemala, "La Casa de La Moneda del África Castellana" in Las Palmas.

While not in monetary unity with the European Federation, the countries in the Castilian Commonwealth of Nations have a fixed exchange rate between their currencies. These are:

 Alta California: $1/- = 8/4 Cast.
 Perú: $1/- = 6/- Cast.
 Chile: $1/- = 6/- Cast.

Ireland

The common note denominations are 10/-, £1, £5, £10, £20, £50, £100, £200, and £500. There are larger notes used for banking transfers as in the FK.

The bronze coins are:

    -/0.5 (leatdhenear/ceanoigín)
    -/1   (denear/ceanog)
    -/2

The silver coins are:

    -/3 (leatreul)
    -/6 (reul)
    1/- (solt)
    2/6 (nb: this is only minted in Laighean)
    5/-

All gold coins are commemorative.

Currency is controlled by Federal Currency Commission. This body controls which banks are allowed to issue notes, though in reality the only banks that do are The People's Trust in Cork, the Provincial Bank of Ireland and the Bank of Leinster. The obverse of the coins is allowed to vary according to the minting authority, but this doesn't happen in practice.

The names of the four main denominations are:

                Singular    Plural
                --------    --------
    Pound:      Líre        Líreanna   
    Shilling:   Solt        Soilt
    Sixpence:   Reul        Reul
    Penny:      Denear/     Deneair/
                Ceanog      Ceanoige

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Te Pito O Te Henua

The currency is the pa'una or pauna, derived from the "pounds" used by New England whalers in the nineteenth century. The pa'una is pegged to the Japanese lo at a fixed rate of 4 pa'una = 7 lo. Subdivisions: 1 pa'una = 12 peto (from the Castilian "peso") = 120 vunu (from the Japanese "fun")

One interesting coin is the mo'ai, an 800=pa'una coin with an image of a mai statue painstakingly carved from obsidian This coin derives its value from the quality of the artwork as well as its store of Japanese currency. Actual obsidian mo'ai have not been made in decades, but mo'ai, hald-moai, and quarter-mo'ai notes continue to be printed in small quantities every few years. Prices of big-ticket items are sometimes estimated in mo'ai.