Carolina

Province of Carolina

Subdivision of:	NAL
Cities:
Capital:	Charleston
Largest:
Other:
Official Language:	English
Governor:	Lord Kenneth Winters-Taylor
Deputy Governor:	Marcus Sandford
Area:	101568 mi²
Established:	1629, Royal Grant
Admission to NAL:	1803 (14th)

Carolina is one of the founding members of the North American League

Administration

Government

Carolina is headed by a hereditary governor, the heirs of Sir Geoffery Winters. Actual executive power is wielded by a Deputy Governor, elected by the legislature of the Province.

Governors of Carolina

1. 1629-1651 Sir Geoffery Winters I
2. 1651-1662 Sir Henry Winters
3. 1662-1704 Sir Albert Winters
4. 1704-1759 Lord Kenneth Hampton
5. 1759-1802 Lord Geoffery Hampton
6. 1802-1806 Lord Reginald Winters
7. 1806-1822 Lord Geoffery Winters II
8. 1822-1860 Lord Victor Winters
9. 1860-1905 Lady Elizabeth Winters-Taylor
10. 1905-1920 Lord Edward Winters-Taylor
11. 1920-1997 Lord Edward Winters-Taylor II
12. 1997- Lord Kenneth Winters-Taylor

Deputy Governors of Carolina

1. 1664-1667 William Drummond
2. 1667-1669 Samuel Stevens
3. 1670-1672 Peter Carteret
4. 1672-1675 John Yeamans
5. 1675-1682 Joseph West
6. 1682-1692 Seth Sothel
7. 1692-1695 Philip Ludwell
8. 1695-1696 John Archdale
9. 1696-1699 Joseph Blake
10. 1699-1703 Henderson Walker
11. 1703-1709 Nathaniel Johnson
12. 1709-1711 Edward Tynte
13. 1711-1712 Edward Hyde (North)
14. 1711-1712 Robert Gibbes (South)
15. 1712-1714 Thomas Pollock (North)
16. 1712-1716 Charles Craven (South)
17. 1714-1722 Charles Eden (North)
18. 1716-1717 Robert Daniell (South)
19. 1717-1719 Robert Johnson (South)
20. 1719-1721 James Moore II (South)
21. 1721-1725 Francis Nicholson (South)
22. 1722-1724 William Reed (North)
23. 1724-1725 George Burrington (North)
24. 1725-1731 Richard Everard (North)
25. 1725-1731 Arthur Middleton (South)
26. 1731-1734 George Burrington (North)
27. 1731-1735 Robert Johnson (South)
28. 1734-1752 Gabriel Johnston (North)
29. 1735-1737 Thomas Broughton (South)
30. 1737-1743 William Bull (South)
31. 1743-1756 James Glenn (South)
32. 1752-1754 Matthew Rowan (North)
33. 1754-1765 Arthur Dobbs (North)
34. 1756-1760 William Henry Lyttleton (South)
35. 1760-1761 William Bull II (South)
36. 1761-1764 Thomas Boone (South)
37. 1764-1766 William Bull II (South)
38. 1765-1771 William Tryon (North)
39. 1766-1769 Charles Greville Montagu (South)
40. 1769-1771 William Bull II (South)
41. 1771-1775 Josiah Martin (North)
42. 1771-1773 Charles Greville Montagu (South)
43. 1773-1775 William Bull II (South)
44. 1775-1776 Cornelius Harnett (North)
45. 1775-1778 John Rutledge (South)
46. 1776-1780 Richard Caswell (North)
47. 1778-1779 Rawlins Lowndes (South)
48. 1779-1782 John Rutledge (South)
49. 1780-1781 Abner Nash (North)
50. 1781-1782 Thomas Burke (North)
51. 1782-1784 Alexander Martin (North)
52. 1782-1783 John Mathews (South)
53. 1783-1785 Benjamin Guerard (South)
54. 1784-1787 Richard Caswell (North)
55. 1785-1787 William Moultrie (South)
56. 1787-1789 Samuel Johnston (North)
57. 1787-1789 Thomas Pinckney (South)
58. 1789-1792 Alexander Martin (North)
59. 1789-1792 Charles Pinckney (South)
60. 1792-1795 Richard Dobbs Spaight (North)
61. 1792-1794 William Moultrie (South)
62. 1794-1796 Arnoldus Vanderhorst (South)
63. 1795-1798 Samuel Ashe (North)
64. 1796-1798 Charles Pinckney (South)
65. 1798-1799 William Richardson Davie (North)
66. 1798-1800 Edward Rutledge (South)
67. 1799-1802 Benjamin Smith (North)
68. 1800-1802 John Drayton (South)
69. 1802-1805 James Turner (North)
70. 1802-1804 James Burchill Richardson (South)
71. 1804-1806 Paul Hamilton (South)
72. 1805-1807 Nathaniel Alexander (North)
73. 1806-1808 Charles Pinckney (South)
74. 1807-1808 Benjamin Williams (North)
75. 1808-1810 David Stone (North)
76. 1808-1810 John Drayton (South)
77. 1810-1811 Benjamin Smith (North)
78. 1810-1812 Henry Middleton (South)
79. 1811-1814 William Hawkins (North)
80. 1812-1814 Joseph Alston (South)
81. 1814-1817 William Miller (North)
82. 1814-1816 David Rogerson Williams (South)
83. 1816-1818 Andrew Pickens (South)
84. 1817-1820 John Branch (North)
85. 1818-1820 John Geddes (South)
86. 1820-1821 Jesse Franklin (North)
87. 1820-1822 Thomas Bennett, Jr. (South)
88. 1821-1824 Gabriel Holmes (North)
89. 1822-1824 John Lyde Wilson (South)
90. 1824-1827 Hutchins Gordon Burton (North)
91. 1824-1826 Richard Irvine Manning (South)
92. 1826-1828 John Taylor (South)
93. 1827-1828 James Iredell, Jr. (North)
94. 1828-1830 John Owen (North)
95. 1828-1830 Stephen Decatur Miller (South)
96. 1830-1832 Montfort Stokes (North)
97. 1830-1832 James Hamilton, Jr. (South)
98. 1832-1835 David Lowry Swain (North)
99. 1832-1834 Robert Young Hayne (South)
100. 1834-1836 George McDuffie (South)
101. 1835-1836 Richard Dobbs Spaight, Jr. (North)
102. 1836-1841 Edward Bishop Dudley (North)
103. 1836-1838 Pierce Mason Butler (South)
104. 1838-1840 Patrick Noble (South)
105. 1840-1842 John Peter Richardson II (South)
106. 1841-1845 John Motley Morehead (North)
107. 1842-1844 James Henry Hammond (South)
108. 1844-1846 William Aiken (South)
109. 1845-1849 William A. Graham (North)
110. 1846-1848 David Johnson (South)
111. 1848-1850 Whitemarsh Seabrook (South)
112. 1849-1851 Charles Manly (North)
113. 1850-1852 John Hugh Means (South)
114. 1851-1854 David Settle Reid (North)
115. 1852-1854 John Lawrence Manning (South)
116. 1854-1855 Warren Winslow (North)
117. 1854-1856 James Hopkins Adams (South)
118. 1855-1859 Thomas Bragg (North)
119. 1856-1858 Robert F. W. Allston (South)
120. 1858-1860 William Henry Gist (South)
121. 1859-1861 John Willis Ellis (North)
122. 1860-1862 Francis Wilkinson Pickens (South)
123. 1861-1862 Henry Toole Clarke (North)
124. 1862-1865 Zebulon Baird Vance (North)
125. 1862-1864 Milledge Luke Bonham (South)
126. 1864-1865 Andrew Gordon Magrath (South)
127. 1865-1868 James Lawrence Orr
128. 1868-1871 William Woods Holden
129. 1871-1874 Tod Robinson Caldwell
130. 1874-1877 Daniel Henry Chamberlain
131. 1877-1880 Zebulon Baird Vance
132. 1880-1882 Johnson Hagood
133. 1882-1886 Thomas Jordan Jarvis
134. 1886-1890 Alfred Moore Scales
135. 1890-1894 Benjamin Ryan Tillman
136. 1894-1898 Elias Carr
137. 1898-1902 Miles Benjamin McSweeney
138. 1902-1906 Charles Brantley Aycock
139. 1906-1910 Martin Frederick Ansel
140. 1910-1914 William Walton Kitchin
141. 1914-1918 Locke Craig
142. 1918-1922 Robert Archer Cooper
143. 1922-1926 Cameron Morrison
144. 1926-1930 Angus Wilton McLean
145. 1930-1934 Ibra Charles Blackwood
146. 1934-1938 John C. B. Ehringhaus
147. 1938-1942 Burnett Maybank
148. 1942-1946 Olin Johnston
149. 1946-1950 Strom Thurmond
150. 1950-1954 W. Kerr Scott
151. 1954-1958 Luther H. Hodges
152. 1958-1962 Ernest Fritz Hollings
153. 1962-1966 Terry Sanford
154. 1966-1970 Robert Evander McNair
155. 1970-1974 James E. Holshouser, Jr.
156. 1974-1978 James Burrows Edwards
157. 1978-1986 Richard Wilson Riley
158. 1986-1994 James G. Martin
159. 1994-1998 David Muldrow Beasley
160. 1998-2002 James Hunt
161. 2002-date Marcus Sandford

Senators from Carolina

1. 1840-1843 William A. Graham

Attorneys General

1. 1777-1779 Waightstill Avery
2. 1779-1782 James Iredell

Administrative Divisions

These are called "parishes". The parish name is given first, followed by the seat of the parish in brackets.

List of parishes of the Province of Carolina.

History

Carolina was established by a grant from King Charles I on October 30, 1629 to Sir Geoffrey Winters I and his heirs. Winters dubbed his territory Carolina, in honor of his benefactor. The original grant covered the territory between 36º and 31º north, from sea to sea. The grant was subsequently expanded to 36º30'N and 29ºN.

In the early 18th century, difficulties in administering the territory lead to the establishment of separate legislatures for the southern and northern halves, with both halves being administered by a Deputy Governor (initially only the North). This division remained until the mid-19th century, though both remained formally a single province, and were represented in Philadelphia that way.

Geography

Borders

Carolina is bordered by:
North: Virginia
West: Tenisi
South: Cherokee Nation, Jacobia
East: Atlantic Ocean

Economy

Carolina has a diverse economic base, key products being tobacco, cotton, textiles and manufactured goods. Charlotte is the second-largest financial centre in the NAL, with several large banks and other financial institutions being headquartered there, notably The American Bank and Wachovia Bank. Other major corporations based in Carolina are the home-improvement/hardware chain Loew's, of Mooresville and the Chiquola Milling Company of Honey Path. Autowerke NSU AG of Wuerttemberg has its North American headquarters and assembly plant in Anderson Parish.

Transportation

Roadways

Carolina has a well-developed network of roads.

Two north-south and two east-west arteries are the Transprovincial Tollway - four-lane highways of the highest quality. These are: Queen Charlotte Tollway: (Danville, Virginia -) Winston-Salem - Charlotte - Greenville (- Atlanta, Jacobia); Sir Walter Raleigh Tollway: (Richmond, Virginia) Raleigh - Fayetteville - Charleston (- Savannah, Jacobia); Zebulon Baird Vance Tollway: Wilmington - Fayetteville - Charlotte - Asheville (- Knoxville, Tenisi); James Buchanan Duke Tollway: Charleston - Columbia - Greenville (- Atlanta, Jacobia)

The second tier of the provincial roadway system is the Provincial Road, connecting major cities and all parish seats with 2 or 4-lane, provincially-funded roads. Beneath that are the Parish Roads, funded by the respective parishes and connecting the towns of the given parish.

Railways

Carolina has an extensive railway system. the Southern Railway has a significant presence in the Piedmont region, with its double-tracked, electrified line from Atlanta, Jacobia to Baltimore, Ter Mair running through the cities of Greenville, Spartanburg, Charlotte and Greensboro. Two other interprovincial railways serve the province, with the Seaboard Air Line Railway and the Atlantic Coast Line having extensive networks throughout the province. The Southern has two major passenger trains in the province, the Crescent (from New Amsterdam, Castreleon New to Nouvelle Orleans, Louisianne via Greensboro, Charlotte, Spartanburg and Greenville), and the Southerner (from Baltimore, Ter Mair to Atlanta, Jacobia along the same line). The Seaboard Air Line's Silver Meteor (Baltimore, Ter Mair to Savannah, Jacobia via Raleigh, Aberdeen, Hamlet and Columbia) and the Atlantic Coast Line's Palmetto Limited (New Amsterdam to Charleston via Rocky Mount, Goldsboro, Wilmington and Myrtle Beach) are also important long-distance passenger services.

Regional and local passenger service are provided by railways such as the Piedmont & Northern Railway (Greenwood - Greenville - Spartanburg and Gastonia - Charlotte - Statesville - Winston-Salem - Durham), the Carolina & North Western Railway (Anderson - Greenville - Forest City - Shelby - Gastonia), the Charleston & Western Carolina Railway (Charleston - Yemassee - Allendale - Augusta, Jacobia - Greenwood - Laurens - Spartanburg0, the Atlantic & East Carolina Railway (Morehead City - New Bern - Goldsboro), the Columbia, Newberry & Laurens (Columbia - Newberry - Laurens - Greenville; Laurens - Greenwood; Laurens - Spartanburg), the Carolina, Clinchfield & Aquanishuonigy (Spartanburg - Marion - Erwin, Tenisi - Elkhorn City, Kentucky), amongst numerous others.

Freight service is provided throughout the province by railways listed above, and numerous other regional and short lines.

Air Transport

Piedmont Air Line offers scheduled and charter air taxi service with helicopters and autogiros in the province. Scheduled flights connect Charlotte, Raleigh, Columbia, Charleston and Greenville; charter flights can be arranged to any destination. Piedmont Air Line also undertakes emergency medical transportation and aerial fire fighting with helicopters and flying boats.

Culture

Carolina is noted for its local varieties of barbecue; a popular dish is pulled pork - a slow-cooked pork shoulder which is then 'pulled' off the bone and served with barbecue sauce that varies depending on the region. In the northeast, it is vinegar based; in the northwest, tomato-based; in the south and the Piedmont, it is mustard-based.