Emisc
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Emisc/Emslandish is an East Frisian dialect, spoken in the Emsland of western Hannover.
Emisc is descended from the Anglo-Frisian branch of the Western Germanic group, and has been spoken in the area since the arrival of settlers from England in about the 10th century AD. The language most closely related to Emisc is Old English, however they are not mutually intelligible. Although having been quite isolated from the surrounding languages, it has still absorbed quite a large vocabulary from German and Batavian, some also coming via Frisian, with which Emisc shares many similarites.
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Phonology and Orthogrgaphy
The orthography of Emisc closely resembles that of Old English, however with a few differences to write words of Low- and High German origin.
| Letter | X-SAMPA | Example |
|---|---|---|
| a | A | English: art |
| æ | { | English: hat |
| *c' | c | Hungarian: latyak |
| c | k | English: cake |
| ð | ð | English: then |
| e | e | English: met |
| -e | @ | German: stande |
| *g' | j | English: yes |
| g | g | English: guess |
| gh | x | Scottish: loch |
| hw | W | English: when |
| i | i | English: hit |
| hl | K | Welsh: llaw |
| o | o | English: hot |
| *sc' | S | English: ship |
| sc | sk | English: skate |
| þ | T | English: thin |
| u | u | English: put |
| y | y | German: über |
| eo | 9 | French: neuf |
| ei/*eg' | ei | Dutch: meer |
| ai/*ag' | ai | English: sigh |
Other letters are pronounced as they are in English.
- *These letters are traditionally written with a dot on top, however they are rarely used nowadays.
- Vowel length is traditionally marked with a macron, however this is not often employed. When length needs to be indicated when writing on a computer, and acute accent is used, as we are all aware of the sad limitations of HTML.
Pronouns
| English | Nominative | Accusative/Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | ic | me | min |
| thou | ðu | ðe | ðin |
| he | he | him | his |
| she | se | her | her |
| it | it | it | hise |
| we | we | us | ure |
| you | ge | geow | geowe |
| they | ðeg | ðem | ðer |
| to be | wesan |
|---|---|
| I am | ic beon |
| thou art | ðu bis |
| he/she/it is | he/se/it is |
| we are | we sin |
| you are | ge sin |
| they are | ðeg ære |
Verbs
There are two tenses, Present & Preterite, plus two compound tenses, Perfect & Imperfect. Verbs conjugate for 3 persons in the singular, and 1 in the plural.
| English | Present | Preterite | Perfect | Imperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to speak | sprecan | - | - | - |
| Participle | sprecende | sprocan | - | - |
| I speak | ic sprece | ic sproc | ic haw sprocan | ic had sprocan |
| thou speaks | ðu spreces | ðu sproces | ðu hawes sprocan | ðu had sprocan |
| he/she speaks | he/se spreceð | he/se sproc | he/se has sprocan | he/se had sprocan |
| we/you/they speak | we sprecan | we sprocan | we hawan sprocan | we hadde sprocan |
- The -eð of the 3rd person present is not always pronounced.
| English | Present | Preterite | Perfect | Imperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to hope | hopan | - | - | - |
| Participle | hopende | hopað | - | - |
| I hope | ic hope | ic hopeðe | ic haw hopað | ic had hopað |
| thou hopes | ðu hopes | ðu hopeðes | ðu hawes hopað | ðu had hopað |
| he/she hopes | he/se hopeð | he/se hopeðe | he/se has hopað | he/se had hopað |
| we/you/they hope | we hopan | we hopeðan | we hawan hopað | we hadde hopað |
- the -eð of the 3rd person present is not often pronounced. However, if this is followed by another letter, then it is pronounced as in the 2nd person preterite. The -að of the past participle is ALWAYS pronounced.
Nouns
Most nouns are regular in their declensions. However, some do employ ablaut to form the plural.
Example of an irregular (strong) noun:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | worð | weorð |
| Definite | worðan | weorðen |
Example of a regular (weak) noun:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | nam | name(n) |
| Definite | naman | namen |
Adjectives
As a general rule, an -e is added to an adjective when it is used to qualify a noun.
Most adjectives preceed the noun that they qualify, as in: swarte cat black cat.
Adjectives will not decline for number when qualifying nouns, as in: swarte catten black cats.
When they are used on there own in the plural, the suffix -es is added. eg. ðeg ære se rodes they are 'the red ones' .
The comparative is formed by added -er to the adjective, and the superlative is formed by adding -est.
Thus, grean-green, greaner-greener, and greanest-greenest.
Quite straightforward really, however there are a few exceptions.
E.g slæght-bad, minner-worse, minst-worst.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Emisc (Traditional Orthography)
Alle mens wor bærn fre ond lic in weordines ond righten. Ðeg ære begift mið forstond ond wist, ond scealan holdan an anoðer in a gast o broðerscip.
West Frisian
Alle minsken wurde frij en gelyk yn weardigens en rjochten berne. Hja hawwe ferstân en gewisse meikrigen en hearre har foar inoar oer yn in geast fan bruorskip te hâlden en te dragen.
English
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
German (Deutsch)
Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen begabt und sollen einander im Geist der Brüderlichkeit begegnen.
The Lord's Prayer
Traditional Orthography
Faðir ure, wi in þe himmelan is
Naman geowe worðe hæligeð.
Cyngdom geowe cummeð.
Willan geowe worðe,
Allic in þe himmelan
So ec op þ'erðan.
Giwan ge us ure dæglig breað.
Ond forgiwan ge us sculden ure,
Allic ec we forgiwan sculderen ure.
Ond ne leðan ge us in forsecening,
Ac ferlosan ge us fram yfele.
[Feor geowen is þe cyngdom ond þe creaftan ond þe herliched unter efighhed.] "Amen"
Tower of Babel
1. Alle Menisce haddan an spreac ond brughtan ðeselwteð weorden.
2. Ond as þeg o þ'eastan cwamman, fondan þeg an feald in landan
Scinar, ond dweldan þar.
3. Ond man sagðe til his neigbour, cummeð, ond macan we tyl stanen
ond bacan we ðem mið fer, and þeg haddan tyl for stan, ond picge
for mortar.
4. Ond segdan, Cummeð, ond macan we for us an cite ond tyr,
wise hightnes reaceð til himmelan; ond macan we an great nam ure,
for þat we wesan departað til alle landen.
5. Dogh cwam þe Lord to zigan þe cite ond tyr, hwilce þe sonen o
Adam haddan bowt.
6. ond he sagðe <<<Lo, folcan is an, ond o an spreac,
ond hawan þeg begunnan ðis to macan; ond no nezt sceal ðem haltan.
7. Cummeð, lauwan ge us niðer gon ond sceindan we spreacan ðer,
swo þat elce man ne hereð reotan o his neigbour.>>
8. Ond swo þe Lord namðe ðem fram þar til alle landen; ond þeg
cesseðan to bowan an cite.
9. ond þarfeor naman þar-o wor hetað Babel, for sprecan o alle
erðan wor confoundað þar; ond þanon þe Lord sendað ðem
ofer hele erðan.
Phrases
| English | Emisc |
|---|---|
| Welcome | Welcumman |
| Hello | Morn |
| Good day | Goð dæg |
| Good evening | Goð gun |
| Good night | Goð næt |
| Good morning | Goð morn |
| Good-bye | Færwehl/Adeo/Up Wiðerzigan |
| How are you? | Hwo bis ðu? |
| Fine | Wehl |
| Thank-you | Þanc 'i |
| You're welcome | Glæd don |
| Yes | Gea |
| No | Ne |
| Please | Bittæ |
| Pleased to meet you | It fregteð me, geow cennan to lernan/Fil erfregt |
| What is your name? | Hwat is naman geowe? |
| My name is ... | Naman min is ... |
| Do you speak English? | Sprecan ge Ænglisc? |
| I don't speak Emisc | Ic ne sprece Emisc |
| How old are you? | Hwo ald sin ge? |
| I am ... years old | Ic ben ... gearen ald |
| Where is the toilet? | Hwar is ðe WC? |
| How much is this? | Hwo file costeð ðat? |
| Are you married? | Sin ge gyft? |
| I am single/married | Ic ben enzel/gyft |
| Where do you come from? | Hwaro cumman ge? |
| I come from ... | Ic ben o ... |
| Good luck | Fil luc |
| Cheers/Good Health | Prost! |
| Have a nice day | Sceon dæg |
| Bon voyage | Goð Raise |
| Please speak more slowly | Specan ge mar langsom, bittæ |
| Please write it down | Scriwan ge ðat of, bittæ |
| How do you say ... in Emisc? | Hwo segan ge ... of Emisc? |
| This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | Ðis mann/ðis frow sceal bezellan for alle |
| Would you like to dance with me? | Willan ge/Wills ðu dansan mið me? |
| I love you | Ic liwe ðe |
| Get well soon | Goð bettering |
| Leave me alone | Las me in pas |
| Merry Christmas | Sceon Cristdæg |
| Happy New Year | Luclig Nyw Gear |
| One language is never enough | An spreac is nea nogh |
| One | An |
| Two | Two |
| Three | Þre |
| Four | Fiower |
| Five | Fif |
| Six | Sex |
| Seven | Sewon |
| Eight | Eght |
| Nine | Negn |
| Ten | Tean |
| Eleven | Elwe |
| Twelve | Tweolfe |
| Thirteen | Þrittin |
| Fourteen | Fiowtin |
| Fifteen | Fiftin |
| Sixteen | Sextin |
| Seventeen | Sewontin |
| Eighteen | Eghtin |
| Nineteen | Nentin |
| Twenty | Tweontig |
| Twentyone | an-on-tweontig |
| Thirty | Þrettig |
| Fourty | Fiowtig |
| Fifty | Fiftig |
| Sixty | Sextig |
| Seventy | Sewontig |
| Eighty | Eghtig |
| Ninety | Nontig |
| Hundred | Hundrað |
| Thousand | Þosund |
| Million | Milliown |
Swadesh
| I | you | we | this | that | who? | what? | no | all | a lot |
| ic | ðu | we | ðis | ðat | wi? | hwat? | ne | alle | fil |
| one | two | big | long | small | human | man | woman | fish | bird |
| an | two | stor | lang | clein | menisc | man | frow | fisc | feogel |
| dog | louse | tree | seed | leaf | root | earth | skin | meat | blood |
| hond | los | bom | sed | blot | rot | erð | hid | flesc | bloð |
| bone | muscle | egg | head | horn | tail | feather | hair | ear | eye |
| bagn | muscel | æg | cap | horn | stant | plym | hare | ear | æg |
| nose | mouth | tooth | tongue | (finger-)nail | leg | knee | hand | stomach | neck |
| nas | mond | tan | tung | fingernagel | begn | cne | hend | mag | hols |
| breast | heart | liver | to drink | to eat | to bite | to see | to hear | to know | to sleep |
| brost | heart | lewer | drincan | etan | bitan | zigan | heran | cennan | slepan |
| to die | to kill | to swim | to fly | to go | to come | to lie (down) | to sit | to stand | to give |
| stærwan | dedan | swemman | flygan | gon | cumman | ligan | sittan | stondan | giwan |
| to say | sun | moon | star | water | rain | stone | sand | earth | cloud |
| segan | son | mon | stear | water | ragn | stan | sand | erð | wolle |
| smoke | fire | ash | to burn | road | mountain | red | green | yellow | white |
| rugh | fer | asc | brunnan | streat | borg | rod | grean | gil | hwit |
| black | night | hot | cold | full | new | good | round | dry | name |
| swart | næt | hes | cald | fol | nyw | goð | rond | ðryc | nam |
Notes
- Possessive Pronouns follow the noun, when the noun takes the definite suffix, (which is generally most of the time), however when the noun cannot take the definite suffix, but is not qualified by a noun, the possessive follows.
- Names of family members (father, mother etc) cannot take a definite suffix.
- Nouns that a qualified by an adjective usually don't take the definite suffix.
- Definite suffix is -an for singular nouns, and -en for plural nouns. -en is also the general plural suffix, although the -n is usually not pronounced. * It is always pronounced in the definite plural suffix.
| Indo-European Languages | ||||||||||
| Germanic Languages | ||||||||||
| North Germanic | West Germanic | East Germanic | ||||||||
| Eastern subgroup | Western subgroup | Low Germanic (Anglo-Frisian) | Continental-Germanic | Gothic | Burgundian † Lombardic † Vandalic † | |||||
| Anglic | Frisian | Franconian | Saxon | High German | Feytish | |||||
| Danish Gutnish (Gutemål) Riksmål Swedish (Sveamål) | Faroese Greenlandic Icelandic Norwegian (Landsmål) | English Northumbrian Scots Wessish † Emisc | East Frisian North Frisian West Frisian | Afrikaans Batavian (Dutch) Cruzan | Low Saxon | Alemannic Bavarian Bohemian Daitsch German Luxemburgish Pennsylvaanish Yiddish | Føtisk | Crimean Gothic Gepid † Low Vissian | ||
