Rulers of Russia
At different times, a ruler in Ruthenia/Kievan Rus'/Muscovy/early Russia/Imperial Russia bore the title of kniaz (usually translated as duke or prince), velikiy kniaz (translated as grand duke, grand prince or great prince), tsar, emperor.
The patriarchs, heads of the Russian Orthodox Church, also sometimes acted as the leaders of Russia — as, for example, during the Polish occupation and interregnum of 1610-1613.
For pre-Muscovite Russia see also Rulers of Kievan Rus.
Princes and Grand Princes
- Andrei Bogolyubsky (1168-1174), a Vladimir-Suzdal prince
- Vsevolod III (1176-1212)
- Yuri II (1212-1216)
- Konstantin (1216-1218)
- Yuri II (1218-1238)
- Yaroslav II (1238-1246)
- Svyatoslav III (1246-1249)
- Andrei II (1249-1252)
- Alexander Nevski (1252-1263)
- Yaroslav III (1264-1271)
- Vassili (1272-1277)
- Dimitri I (1277-1281)
- Andrei III (1281-1283)
- Daniel (1283-1303) - first prince of Moscow
- Yuri (1303-1325)
- Ivan I (1325-1341)
- Semeon (1341-1353)
- Ivan II (1353-1359)
- Dmitri Donskoi (1359-1389)
- Vasili I (1389-1425)
- Vasili II (1425-1462)
- Ivan III (Ivan the Great) (1462-1505) - first Sovereign for all Russia
- Vasili III (1505-1533)
- Ivan IV (1533-1547)
Tsars of Russia, 1547-1721
- Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) (1547-1584)
- Simeon Bekbulatovich (1574-1576) (fake tsar set by Ivan IV)
- Feodor I (1584-1598) - last of the Voljamirovichi
- Boris Godunov (1598-1605)
- Feodor II (1605)
- False Dmitriy I (1605-1606)
- Vasili IV (1606-1610)
- Succession broken due to Time of Troubles
- Michael I (1613-1645) - first of the Romanovs: elected Tsar following the Time of Troubles
- Aleksey I (1645-1676)
- Feodor III (1676-1682)
- Ivan V (1682-1696) (joint ruler with Peter I)
- Peter I (Peter the Great) (1682-1721) (joint ruler with Ivan V)
Emperors of Russia, 1721-1917
- Peter I (Peter the Great) (1721-1725)
- Catherine I (1725-1727)
- Peter II (1727-1730)
- Anna I (1730-1740)
- Ivan VI (1740-1741)
- Elizabeth (1741-1762)
- Peter III (1762)
- Catherine II (Catherine the Great) (1762-1796)
- Paul I (1796-1801)
- Alexander I (1801-1825)
- Nicholas I (1825-1855)
- Alexander II (1855-1881)
- Alexander III (1881-1894)
- Nicholas II (1894-1917)
- Grand Duke Michael (1917), refused to become emperor
Prime ministers of the provisional government, 1917
- Prince Georgi Yevgenyevich Lvov (1917)
- Aleksandr Kerensky (1917)
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, 1917-1918
- Vladimir I. Lenin (1917-1918)
Emperor of Russia, 1919-1934
- Aleksey II (1919-1934)
After that, the throne has remained vacant, until SNOR leader Bogolyubov named himself czar in 1981. Before that, the death of the czar had never been made official, although it was a public secret. Instead, he was "temporarily indisposed and unable to carry out his official duties due to a cold" for nearly 42 years.
- Porfiri I (1981-1984)
Supreme Leaders of the Russian People (= SNOR leaders), 1923-1991
- Aleksandr Kolchak (1923-1937)
- Iosif Vissarionov (1937-1958)
- Andrei Vlasov (1958-1961)
- Yevgeni Lipov (1961-1971)
- Pyotr Popovich (1971-1976)
- Dmitri Razin (1976)
- Dmitri Spiridonov (1976-1977)
- Porfiri Bogolyubov (1977-1984)
- Vitali Zeleznev (1984-1985)
- Mikhail Gorbachenko (1985-1991)
- Grigori Lyopukhin (1991)
Presidents of the Russian Federation, 1991-
- Vladimir Begemotov (1991-1999)
- Igor Arensky (1999- )
