Transcription of Mandarin Chinese
in the Major European Languages
You will have to imagine the Fraktur for Riksmål and German!
Initials
| English |
Brithenig |
Francien |
Wenedyk |
Riksmål |
German
|
| b |
b |
p |
p |
b |
b
|
| p |
p |
ph |
ph |
p |
p
|
| m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m
|
| f |
f |
f |
f |
f |
f
|
| d |
d |
t |
t |
d |
d
|
| t |
t |
th |
th |
t |
t
|
| n |
n |
n |
n |
n |
n
|
| l |
l |
l |
l |
l |
l
|
| g |
g |
k |
k |
g |
g
|
| k |
k |
kh |
kh |
k |
g
|
| h |
ch |
h |
h |
h |
h
|
| j(i) |
ġ(i) |
tj(i) |
ć/c(i) |
dj(i) |
dsch(i)
|
| ch(i) |
ċ(i) |
tch(i) |
ćh/ch(i) |
tj(i) |
tsch(i)
|
| sh(i) |
sċ(i) |
ch(i) |
ś/s(i) |
sj(i) |
sch(i)
|
| j(y) |
ġ(y) |
tj(y) |
cz |
dj(e) |
dsch(y)
|
| ch(y) |
ċ(y) |
tch(y) |
czh |
tj(e) |
tsch
|
| sh(y) |
sċ(y) |
ch(y) |
sz |
sj(e) |
sch(y)
|
| r |
r |
j |
rz/ż |
r |
r
|
| dz |
ds |
ts(y) |
c(y) |
z |
z
|
| ts |
ts(y) |
tsh(y) |
çh(y) |
tz |
tz
|
| s(y) |
s(y) |
s(y) |
s(y) |
s(e) |
s(y)
|
| y |
i |
y |
j |
j |
j
|
| w |
w |
w/ou |
w |
w |
w
|
Finals
| English |
Brithenig |
Francien |
Wenedyk |
Riksmål |
German
|
| a |
a |
a |
a |
a |
a
|
| o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o
|
| e |
e |
e |
e |
æ |
e
|
| ai |
ai |
aï |
aj |
aj |
ai
|
| ei |
ei |
eï |
ej |
æj |
ei
|
| ao |
aw |
aou |
au |
ao/au |
au
|
| ow |
ow |
oou |
ou |
ou |
ou
|
| an |
an |
an |
an |
an |
an
|
| en |
en |
en |
en |
æn |
en
|
| ang |
ang |
ang |
ang |
ang |
ang
|
| eng |
eng |
eng |
eng |
æng |
eng
|
| oong |
ung |
oung |
ung |
ong |
ung
|
| i/ee |
i |
i |
i |
i |
i
|
| y |
y |
y |
y |
e |
y
|
| (i)a |
ia |
(i)a |
(i)a |
(i)a |
(i)a
|
| (i)e |
ie |
(i)e |
(i)e |
(i)æ |
(i)e
|
| (i)ao |
iao |
(i)aou |
(i)au |
(i)au |
(i)au
|
| (i)ow |
iow |
(i)ou |
(i)ou |
(i)ou |
(i)ou
|
| (i)en |
ien |
(i)en |
(i)en |
(i)æn |
(i)en
|
| (y)in |
in |
(y)in |
(j)in |
(j)in |
(j)in
|
| (i)ang |
iang |
(i)ang |
(i)ang |
(i)ang |
(i)ang
|
| (y)ing |
ing |
(y)ing |
(j)ing |
(j)ing |
(j)ing
|
| (i)ung |
iung |
(i)oung |
(i)ung |
(i)ong |
(i)ung
|
| (w)oo |
(w)u |
ou |
(w)u |
(w)u |
(w)u
|
| wa |
wa |
oua |
(u)a |
(u)a |
(u)a
|
| wo |
wo |
ouo |
(u)o |
(u)o |
(u)o
|
| wai |
wai |
ouaï |
(u)aj |
(u)aj |
(u)ai
|
| wei |
wei |
oueï |
(u)ej |
(u)ej |
(u)ei
|
| wan |
wan |
ouan |
(u)an |
(u)an |
(u)an
|
| wen |
wen |
ouen |
(u)en |
(u)æn |
(u)en
|
| wang |
wang |
ouang |
(u)ang |
(u)ang |
(u)ang
|
| weng |
weng |
oueng |
(u)eng |
(u)eng |
(u)eng
|
| (y)u |
iu |
(y)u |
(i)u |
(j)y |
(i)u
|
| (y)ue |
iue |
(y)ue |
iue |
(j)yæ |
iue
|
| (y)uan |
iuan |
(y)uan |
(i)uan |
(j)yan |
(i)uan
|
| (y)un |
iun |
(y)un |
(i)un |
(j)yn |
(i)un
|
| (e)r |
(e)r |
(e)r |
(e)rz |
(æ)r |
(e)r
|
Tones
